【TechGuide】晶片戰爭新章:為什麼黃仁勳說太晚投資 Anthropic?

Jensen Huang chief executive officer of Nvidia Corp. speaks during the Nvidia GTC conference in San Jose California US...
Jensen Huang, chief executive officer of Nvidia Corp. speaks during the Nvidia GTC conference in San Jose, California, US, on Wednesday, March 18, 2026. Nvidia Corp. Chief Executive Officer Jensen Huang said the company is firing up manufacturing of H200 AI accelerators for customers in China, a sign of progress in the chipmaker's effort to reenter the vital market. Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty ImagesBloomberg/Getty Images

黃仁勳這個科技業與台灣人都很熟的皮衣教父最近承認自己摔了一跤。

2026 年 4 月 15 日,,Dwarkesh Patel 在 Podcast 節目上問:為什麼 Anthropic 用的幾乎不是 NVIDIA 的晶片?Anthropic 大量使用 Google 的 TPU、Amazon 的 Trainium,但 NVIDIA GPU 只佔 Anthropic 整體算力的一小塊?

黃仁勳沒有迴避。他停了一下,語氣從成另一種比較安靜、比較接近坦白的狀態。

「我們當時已經盡了一切所能。如果可以,我當時就會更早下手。Anthropic 需要我們的時候,我們還不在那個位置上。」

Dwarkesh 追問:錢不夠嗎?

「是規模的問題;我們沒意識到必須這麼做。我一直以為他們可以去找創投,天啊,一般企業不都這樣嗎?但他們要做的事情,根本不是創投能做的,我現在知道了。」

然後他說了那句被全球科技圈近期流傳最廣的一句話:「這是我的失誤。」

GYEONGJU SOUTH KOREA  OCTOBER 31 Jensen Huang President and CEO of NVIDIA listens to a reporter's question during a...
GYEONGJU, SOUTH KOREA - OCTOBER 31: Jensen Huang, President and CEO of NVIDIA, listens to a reporter's question during a press conference at the APEC CEO summit on October 31, 2025 in Gyeongju, South Korea. Leaders and delegates from 21 APEC economies are gathering in South Korea for the upcoming APEC summit, where talks are expected to center on trade, supply chain stability, and technology cooperation. The meetings come amid heightened regional tensions and efforts to boost growth through closer economic integration, and as U.S. President Trump tours Asia on a six-day visit. (Photo by Ezra Acayan/Getty Images)Ezra Acayan/Getty Images

遲到的 100 億美元

這句話的重量展現在 Anthropic 被投資的時間線。Google 在 2022 年底就投了 3 億美元,是 Anthropic 最早的主要投資者。Amazon 在 2023 年 9 月砸了 12.5 億,一年後再加 40 億,到 2024 年底已經累積 80 億,並且把 AWS 綁成 Anthropic 的主要訓練夥伴。Anthropic 從此開始跑在 Trainium 上。

NVIDIA 直到 2025 年 11 月才宣布投資 Anthropic 100 億美元。那時候 Anthropic 已經在 Amazon 跟 Google 的晶片上跑了兩年多,深度綁定的工程團隊、客製化的低階 kernel、與 AWS Annapurna Labs 共同設計下一代 Trainium,NVIDIA是在牌局結束之後才坐下來的那個玩家。

但更尷尬的事發生在 4 月 20 日,也就是 Dwarkesh Podcast 上線五天後,Amazon 宣布再對 Anthropic 投資 250 億美元,Anthropic 同時承諾未來十年在 AWS 花 1000 億美元,取得 5 GW 的 Trainium 算力。到此 Amazon 對 Anthropic 的累計投資,來到 330 億美元。

CHONGQING CHINA  DECEMBER 29 In this photo illustration a person holds a smartphone displaying the logo of “Claude” an...
CHONGQING, CHINA - DECEMBER 29: In this photo illustration, a person holds a smartphone displaying the logo of “Claude,” an AI language model by Anthropic, with the company’s logo visible in the background, illustrating the rapid development and adoption of generative AI technologies, on December 29, 2024 in Chongqing, China. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a cornerstone of China’s strategic ambitions, with the government aiming to establish the country as a global leader in AI by 2030. (Photo illustration by Cheng Xin/Getty Images)Cheng Xin/Getty Images

是 OpenAI 的光芒,讓包括黃仁勳的人失焦了嗎?

過去三年中 AI 這個字在大眾語境裡有很長一段時間幾乎等於 OpenAI,像是 ChatGPT 的發表會、Sam Altman 的國會證詞、Sora 的影片、GPT-5,這些似乎都是過去幾年 AI 發展的主旋律。

Anthropic 不是沒角色,一開始被很多人當「啊,OpenAI 出走成員創立的競品」,但不知不覺到了最近,忽然就在 B2B 市場吃下 80% 的營收比重。CEO Dario Amodei 是個講話像學者、在訪談中會花十分鐘解釋技術原理的人。Anthropic 的發表會從來不製造煙火,更像一家實驗室而不是一家公司。

Dario Amodei cofounder and chief executive officer of Anthropic during the company's Builder Summit in Bengaluru India...
Dario Amodei, co-founder and chief executive officer of Anthropic, during the company's Builder Summit in Bengaluru, India, on Monday, Feb. 16, 2026. Anthropic PBC is donating $20 million to a political advocacy group called Public First that's backing congressional candidates who favor safety rules for artificial intelligence, bolstering the company's fight for "responsible AI" as Silicon Valley money floods into congressional races across the US. Photographer: Samyukta Lakshmi/Bloomberg via Getty ImagesBloomberg/Getty Images

但它做出來的東西越來越難被忽略。Claude 在程式碼能力上超越了 ChatGPT,在企業合約上打贏了輝瑞、聯合航空、AIG 這種等級的客戶,年化營收在 2026 年衝破 300 億美元,預計提前兩年達到損益兩平,這比 OpenAI 好看太多了 MOpenAI 預計今年虧 140 億。

黃仁勳不是唯一那個看漏的人。過去三年大部分把 AI 發展等同於 OpenAI 故事的人,某種程度上都輕忽了 Anthropic。但黃仁勳理論上應該比任何人都看得清楚 Anthropic 在訓練什麼、用多少算力、走多快的人,畢竟他每天在賣鏟子給所有淘金者,他應該比所有人更清楚哪一座礦山出最多金子。

AI 讓矽谷投資遊戲產生質變

過去新創公司的劇本是:找 VC、A 輪 B 輪 C 輪、上市、功成名就。這個劇本 NVIDIA 自己也走過,它當年就是這樣長大的。所以 2022、2023 年 Anthropic 來敲門的時候,黃仁勳直覺的判斷是:不是找 VC 嗎?這是 VC 該做的事情。

但在 Transformer 出現後的 AI 新創已經是另一種物種,要訓練出一個先進模型單單算力成本就是幾十億美元起跳。Anthropic 要的不是 VC 那種一億兩億、看市場反應再加碼的錢。它要的是以股權換算力承諾的結構,讓一口氣幾十億的錢進來,但錢到手後還要回流到投資人的雲端服務上,去買算力、買晶片、買資料中心時數。

結構上非常少一家傳統 VC 敢拿 100 億美元的 LP 資金賭一家單一新創。能玩的只有兩種公司:一種是手握雲端基礎設施的巨頭(Google、Amazon、Microsoft),另一種是像 NVIDIA 這樣現金流非常強的硬體公司。

An employee pulls out a server rack shelf at the rear of a Trainium3 UltraServer at an Amazon Web Services QA lab in...
An employee pulls out a server rack shelf at the rear of a Trainium3 UltraServer at an Amazon Web Services QA lab in Austin, Texas, on February 3, 2026. Tech titan Amazon is working to step out of Nvidia's shadow with custom "Trainium" chips designed specially for machine learning as billions of dollars are poured into artificial intelligence (AI). Amazon subsidiary Annapurna Labs in Austin, Texas, was testing the longevity of its latest generation Trainium during a recent visit by AFP to the facility. Texas is emerging as a US tech world El Dorado, luring investments with cheap energy, relaxed regulations, tax incentives and reasonably affordable real estate for massive data centers. (Photo by Mark Felix / AFP via Getty Images)MARK FELIX/Getty Images

Google 和 Amazon 先進場用錢鎖住 Anthropic 的長期採購,而 Anthropic 未來幾年花在算力上的幾百億美元,會大部分流回 Google 和 Amazon 自家的雲端和晶片業務。投資人和客戶是同一個人;這就是 AI 時代最重要的一種金融創新。

NVIDIA 花了三年才決定用同樣的方式投資 OpenAI(300 億)和 Anthropic(100 億)的時候,估值已經是當年的十幾倍。

POLAND  20260423 In this photo illustration the Anthropic logo is displayed on a smartphone on the top of a laptop.
POLAND - 2026/04/23: In this photo illustration, the Anthropic logo is displayed on a smartphone on the top of a laptop. (Photo Illustration by Omar Marques/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images)SOPA Images/Getty Images

Podcast 裡黃仁勳講了一句很重的話:「沒有 Anthropic,TPU 哪來的成長?100% 是 Anthropic。沒有 Anthropic,Trainium 哪來的成長?100% 是 Anthropic。」表面上這是在貶低對手你們的晶片根本沒有市場,全靠一個客戶撐著。但仔細想,這句話也在割自己:那個「100% 撐起所有非 NVIDIA 晶片產業」的客戶,就是當年他沒投成的那家公司。

或許黃仁勳該最焦慮的是當 AI 戰爭從「誰家晶片跑得快」變成「誰家資本結構綁得深」時,NVIDIA 再強,最終也會失去規則制定的地位。下次看見有人在聲量最大的地方跳舞,記得看一下旁邊那個比較安靜、但手上在做更硬功夫的人。

Jensen Huang chief executive officer of Nvidia Corp. speaks during the Nvidia GTC conference in San Jose California US...
Jensen Huang, chief executive officer of Nvidia Corp., speaks during the Nvidia GTC conference in San Jose, California, US, on Wednesday, March 18, 2026. Nvidia Corp. Chief Executive Officer Jensen Huang said the company is firing up manufacturing of H200 AI accelerators for customers in China, a sign of progress in the chipmaker's effort to reenter the vital market. Photographer: David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty ImagesBloomberg/Getty Images

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