大車隊出現「 分身」!Mercedes 入股 Alpine F1 Team 傳聞,為何讓其他車隊坐立難安?

大車隊出現「 分身」!Mercedes 入股 Alpine F1 Team 傳聞,為何讓其他車隊坐立難安?
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在 F1 這個分秒都在燒錢的運動中,每支車隊理應都是獨立爭取最高榮譽的競爭者。然而事實是,當前場上不只是紅牛存在著「子母車隊」(A/B Team)的型態,部分車隊間的「共同所有權」議題討論也在圍場內愈演愈烈。近期,Mercedes 傳出考慮入股 Alpine 的消息,亦引發了 McLaren 執行長 Zak Brown 對於競技公平性的嚴厲警告。

Auto Racing Australian Grand Prix Zak Brown Chief Executive Officer of McLaren looks on during the 2026 Australian Grand...
Auto Racing: Australian Grand Prix: Zak Brown, Chief Executive Officer of McLaren looks on during the 2026 Australian Grand Prix at Albert Park Circuit. Melbourne VIC 3/8/2026CREDIT: Erick W. Rasco (Photo by Erick W. Rasco/Sports Illustrated via Getty Images) (Set Number: X164864 TK1)Erick W. Rasco/Getty Images

當引擎供應商變成「少數股東」

根據最新消息指出,Mercedes 正考慮收購美國投資集團 Otro Capital 持有的 24% 股份,進而成為 Alpine 的少數股東。雖然 Alpine 官方強調,就算交易達成也不會成為 Mercedes 的二線車隊,但對於像 McLaren 這樣的獨立車隊而言,這無疑是一個危險信號。

SHANGHAI CHINA  MARCH 13 Pierre Gasly of France driving the  Alpine F1 A526 Mercedes in the Pitlane during Sprint...
SHANGHAI, CHINA - MARCH 13: Pierre Gasly of France driving the (10) Alpine F1 A526 Mercedes in the Pitlane during Sprint qualifying ahead of the F1 Grand Prix of China at Shanghai International Circuit on March 13, 2026 in Shanghai, China. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images)Mark Thompson/Getty Images

Zak Brown 指出,雖然他欣賞 Red Bull 長期投入兩支車隊對於這項運動的貢獻,但若任由這種「A/B車隊聯盟」模式在 F1 持續蔓延,將是一個巨大的錯誤。一旦車迷覺得場上不再有 11 支真正獨立的車隊,F1 就會失去其最核心的觀賞價值。

Oracle Red Bull Racing and Visa Cash App Racing Bulls F1 Team cars are in parc ferme with cherry blossom leaves after...
Oracle Red Bull Racing and Visa Cash App Racing Bulls F1 Team cars are in parc ferme with cherry blossom leaves after the race at the 2026 Formula 1 Japanese Grand Prix, round 3 of the FIA Formula 1 World Championship, at Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka, Japan, on March 29, 2026. (Photo by Wan Mikhail Roslan/NurPhoto via Getty Images)NurPhoto/Getty Images

真正產生「不安」的三大灰色紅利

為何這種結盟模式會讓獨立車隊如此感冒?原因在於當今「預算帽制度」下,兩支關係緊密的車隊能產生多種「合法的」不公平優勢。包含「人才與知識產權(IP)的無償流動」「賽場上的戰術協作」以及「投票權的壟斷」。

MIAMI FLORIDA  APRIL 30 Lewis Hamilton of Great Britain and Scuderia Ferrari looks on in the garage during previews...
MIAMI, FLORIDA - APRIL 30: Lewis Hamilton of Great Britain and Scuderia Ferrari looks on in the garage during previews ahead of the F1 Grand Prix of Miami at Miami International Autodrome on April 30, 2026 in Miami, Florida. (Photo by Chris Graythen/Getty Images)Chris Graythen/Getty Images

大車隊能透過將高薪工程師「轉調」至合作車隊來保留人才。Brown 為此也特別點名了 Ferrari 與 Haas,這不僅構成不公平的經濟優勢,更讓技術機密的邊界變得模糊。他更舉例,2024 年新加坡站,當時效力於 RB 的 Daniel Ricciardo 在末段刷下最快圈速奪走積分,在客觀上間接協助了「母隊」Red Bull 的冠軍爭奪。當車隊之間存在利益關聯,所謂的「獨立競賽」就會在無形間成了一句口號。

SINGAPORE SINGAPORE  SEPTEMBER 22 Daniel Ricciardo of Australia and Visa Cash App RB on track during the F1 Grand Prix...
SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE - SEPTEMBER 22: Daniel Ricciardo of Australia and Visa Cash App RB on track during the F1 Grand Prix of Singapore at Marina Bay Street Circuit on September 22, 2024 in Singapore, Singapore. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images)Mark Thompson/Getty Images

最後,在 F1 的決策機制中,重大規則改變需要投票。如果一支引擎供應商同時擁有多支車隊的影響力,就等於擁有了複數選票。這對於 McLaren 或 Williams 這樣獨立、沒有「二線部隊」支持的車隊來說,在政治博弈上極其不利。

MIAMI FLORIDA  APRIL 30 Charles Leclerc of Monaco and Scuderia Ferrari talks with Gwen Lagrue Driver Program Advisor of...
MIAMI, FLORIDA - APRIL 30: Charles Leclerc of Monaco and Scuderia Ferrari talks with Gwen Lagrue, Driver Program Advisor of Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team and Frederic Vasseur, Team Principal of Scuderia Ferrari in the Paddock during previews ahead of the F1 Grand Prix of Miami at Miami International Autodrome on April 30, 2026 in Miami, Florida. (Photo by Clive Mason/Getty Images)Clive Mason/Getty Images

獨立車隊的危機

Zak Brown 提到,F1《協和協議》中曾認真討論過是否應要求Red Bull剝離其二線車隊。然而,如果現狀不減反增,允許 Mercedes 建立新的聯盟,那將顯得十分荒謬。

ABU DHABI UNITED ARAB EMIRATES  DECEMBER 11 Lance Stroll of Canada driving the  Racing Point RP20 Mercedes during...
ABU DHABI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES - DECEMBER 11: Lance Stroll of Canada driving the (18) Racing Point RP20 Mercedes during practice ahead of the F1 Grand Prix of Abu Dhabi at Yas Marina Circuit on December 11, 2020 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. (Photo by Mark Thompson/Getty Images)Mark Thompson/Getty Images

如果 F1 演變成數個超級集團(如 Mercedes、Ferrari、Red Bull)的經營模式,未來中後段車隊可能為了生存,不得不依附於強大的動力單元供應商。這不僅稀釋了車手的個人色彩,也讓工程師的研發自由度大打折扣。正如 2020 年 Racing Point 著名的「粉色 Mercedes」事件,當兩支車隊賽車高度相似時,這項運動的完整性便會遭到毀滅性的質疑。

SUZUKA JAPAN  MARCH 29  Team MercedesAMG Petronas F1 stands behind Kimi Antonelli's car during the Japanese national...
SUZUKA, JAPAN - MARCH 29: Team Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 stands behind Kimi Antonelli's car during the Japanese national anthem, moments before the start of the 2026 Japanese Grand Prix at Suzuka Circuit in Suzuka, Mie Prefecture, Japan, on March 29, 2026. (Photo by Artur Widak/NurPhoto via Getty Images)NurPhoto/Getty Images

F1核心價值的最後防線

F1的魅力在於不同品牌、不同研發技術在時速 300 公里下的極限博弈。Zak Brown 的發言或許辛辣,甚至不惜槓上自己的引擎供應商 Mercedes,然而他確實點出了一個關鍵:「車迷想看的是 11 支真正的車隊,而不是幾家大廠的壟斷式競爭。」

SHANGHAI CHINA  MARCH 13Arvid Lindblad of Racing Bulls drives his VCARB 03 during Sprint Qualifying for the 2026 Chinese...
SHANGHAI, CHINA - MARCH 13:Arvid Lindblad of Racing Bulls drives his VCARB 03 during Sprint Qualifying for the 2026 Chinese Grand Prix, at the Shanghai International Circuit, in Shanghai, China, on March 13, 2026. (Photo by Artur Widak/NurPhoto via Getty Images)NurPhoto/Getty Images

包含全新技術規則在內,FIA 如何定義車隊間的「邊界」將成為決定未來十年 F1 生態的關鍵。雖然結盟能降低小車隊的生存壓力,但如果代價是失去競技的完整性,這筆交易對於 F1 長遠發展而言,恐怕並不划算。